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Today: Sunday 12th of February 2012 09:13:30 AM
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The ruble or rouble (code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation and the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It is Fiat money. Formerly, the ruble was also the currency of the Soviet Union and the Russian Empire prior to their breakups. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks (sometimes transliterated kopecks, or copecks). The ISO 4217 code is RUB; the former code, RUR, refers to the Russian ruble prior to the 1998 denomination (1 RUB = 1000 RUR).

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According to the most popular version, the word "ruble" is derived from the Russian verb rubit, meaning to chop. Historically, a "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name.


Names of different denominations
In the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, several coins had individual names:
1 kopek - polushka
1 kopek - denga or dénezhka
2 kopek - semishnik (mostly obsolete by 20th century), dvúshka (20th century) or grosh
3 kopek - altyn (mostly obsolete by the 1960s)
5 kopek - pyaták
10 kopek - grívennik
15 kopek - pyatialtýnny (5 altyn; the usage lived longer than altyn)
20 kopek - dvugrívenny (2 grivenniks)
25 kopek - polupoltínnik (half poltínnik) or chetverták (from the Russian for 1)
50 kopek - poltína or poltínnik


The amount of 10 rubles (in either bill or coin) is sometimes informally referred to as a chervonets. Historically, it was the name for the first Russian 3-ruble gold coin issued for general circulation in 1701. The current meaning comes from Soviet golden chervonets issued in 1923 that was equivalent to the pre-revolution 10 gold rubles. All these names are obsolete. The practice of using the old kopek coin names for amounts in rubles is now not very common. In modern Russian slang only these names are used:
5 rubles - Pyatyórka
10 rubles - Chírik or Desyátka
50 rubles - Poltínnik with some variants like Poltishók
100 rubles - Stólnik
500 rubles - Pyatikhátka, originally pyatikátka
1000 rubles - Shtúka or Kosár and a hybrid Shtukár
500,000 rubles - Pol-limóna (a half of limon)
1,000,000 rubles - Limón
The fifth term derived from (five Catherines). Katya ( Catherina) having been a slang name for the 100 ruble note in tsarist Russia, as the note had a picture of Catherine II on it.

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The Bank of Russia or the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is the central bank of Russia. Its functions are described in the Russian constitution (Article 75) and in the special Federal law. Bank of Russia was founded on July 13, 1990, but traced its history to the State Bank of the Russian Empire.
According to the constitution, the Bank of Russia is an independent entity, with the primary responsibility of protecting the stability of the national currency, the ruble. It also holds exclusive right to issue ruble banknotes and coins. Its headquarters are on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow. Under Russian law, half of the Central Bank's profit has to be channeled into the federal budget.

The Bank of Russia is the main regulator of the banking industry. It is responsible for issuing banking licences and setting rules of banking operations and accounting standards. The bank serves as a lender of last resort for credit organisations.


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